微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基底采用光刻蚀法制备了具有不同粗糙度的微方柱结构疏水表面,研究了微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性.结果表明,微方柱高度对表观接触角影响很小,但会显著影响疏水表面液滴浸润状态的稳定性,当微方柱边长和间距一定时,存在一个临界高度,当微方柱高度大于该临界值时,液滴具有良好的稳定性.通过对不同温度下疏水表面液滴浸润状态的研究表明,在露点温度至环境温度区间内,随着温度的增加,表观接触角呈增大趋势;在环境温度至沸点温度区间内,随着温度的升高,表观接触角呈减小的趋势.研究认为,合理的微结构尺寸和应用环境温度对液滴浸润状态的稳定具有重要意义.     

用羟乙基纤维素(HEC)改善短碳纤维的分散性

实验采用HEC作为分散剂,采用旋转搅拌方式在其水溶液中对短碳纤维进行分散.对HEC的质量浓度、搅拌速度及搅拌时间对短碳纤维分散率的影响进行了研究,通过SEM表征了短碳纤维在分散前后的镀铜效果.结果表明:短碳纤维经HEC分散后,分散性明显改善.HEC在水中的浓度要适中,过高或过低,短碳纤维的分散效果不显著;搅拌速度的提升和分散时间的延长会提高短碳纤维的分散率.当HEC质量浓度为1.5 g/L,搅拌速度为800 r/min,搅拌时间为30 min时,短碳纤维的分散率达到98%.分散处理过的短碳纤维镀铜层更加完整均匀,无黑心现象.     

Application of surface plasmon resonance in screening adsorbents and explaining adsorption phenomena using model polymers

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was developed as an online screening method to identify effective adsorbents for the peptide NH₂-Cys-Thr-Trp-Trp-COOH (CW-4). To validate the SPR technique, several linear polymers containing amino acid residues were synthesized as models of their corresponding adsorbents. SPR screening of all the linear polymers demonstrated that the linear polymer containing phenylalanine residues (PPhe) exhibited the highest affinity for CW-4 among the polymers tested. In accordance with the screening results from SPR, the adsorbent containing phenylalanine (APhe) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for CW-4. An interesting observation was that the amounts of CW-4 adsorbed on 3 adsorbents were quite small, even though both SPR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments indicated the presence of interactions between CW-4 and the three polymers. A kinetic analysis performed using SPR technology suggested such a phenomenon was ascribed to the poor stability of the CW-4/polymer complexes; that is, CW-4 associates with the polymers quickly, but it also dissociated quickly. The combined results suggested that SPR was a promising tool to identify the optimal adsorbent for peptides, analyze the interactions contributing to adsorption and explain adsorption phenomena using polymer models.     

磁性琼酯糖亲和吸附剂的合成与应用

采用反相悬浮包埋技术合成了粒径在43-295μm之间的磁性琼脂糖微球。磁性琼脂糖微球经环氧氯丙烷活化后，分别键合6-氨基已酸、氨基乙酸和乙二胺为间隔臂，用水溶性碳二亚胺为缩合剂，分别偶联对氨基苯甲脒、l-精氨酸甲酯和胍基已酸，制备了3种磁性亲和吸附剂，并用于尿激酶粗品的分离纯化。测定了活性回收率和比活提高倍数，并与以磁性葡聚糖为基质的磁性亲和吸附剂对尿激酶的纯化效果进行了对比。     

Fluorinated Hyperbranched Poly（urea-urethane）s Containing Reactive Groups： Synthesis, Characterization and Application on Cotton Fabric

A series of hyperbranched poly(urea-urethane) s (HPUs)containing short fluoroalkyl chain and reactive groups (HPUFs)capable as hydrophobic and oleophobic coating materials were synthesized.The obtained polymers were characterized by FTIR ( fouier transform-infrared spectroscopy ),1 H NMR ( nuclear magnetic resonance),13C NMR,19F NMR,GPC(gel permeation chromatography),TGA ( thermogravimetric analyzer),and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses.Highly hydrophobic and oleophobic cotton fabrics could be achieved from these fluorinated hyperbranched polymers by solution-immersion coating method.The static contact angles reached to 143°,114°,and 92° for water,hexadecane,and decane,respectively.The water and oil repellency ratings were 90 and 6,respectively,and still kept 80 and 5.respectively,after 10 soaping cycles at 50℃.     

Synthesis of self-assembled needle-shaped calcium carbonate superstructures

Novel self-assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals exhibiting the morphology of well-defined needles were synthesized by a simple precipitation reaction in the presence of octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (ODP) as a crystal additive. The CaCO₃ obtained by this method is hydrophobic, making it likely to be used widely in industry. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle experiments. The results indicated that ODP plays an important role in determining the structure, morphology and hydrophobicity of CaCO₃ crystals.     

基于复扩散模型憎水性图像多尺度亮点检测算法研究

在多尺度框架下，提出基于非线性复扩散模型憎水性图像水珠亮点检测算法，最后采用模糊均类算法对多尺度虚部图像水珠亮点进行提取。实验结果表明：对于不同憎水性等级憎水性图像，水珠亮点检测都达到95％以上，这为对绝缘子憎水性等级估判及水珠（水迹）的进一步分割提供了重要的信息。     

反气相色谱法测定燃料乙醇专用吸附剂对水和乙醇的吸附

利用反气相色谱法研究了燃料乙醇专用吸附剂在60～130?℃范围内对水和乙醇的吸附,并用环境扫描电镜对吸附剂的性质进行了表征。由气相色谱的保留时间计算出水和乙醇的分离因子和吸附剂吸附水、乙醇的吉布斯自由能变化（ΔG_s）、吸附焓变（ΔH_s）等热力学参数。实验结果表明,水和乙醇的吸附焓变分别为-37.41、-4.59kJ/mol,属于物理吸附过程。吸附的ΔG_s、ΔH_s均为负值,说明该吸附过程是自发的放热过程,低温度有利于吸附。吸附剂对水的吸附比乙醇强烈得多,可以选择性吸附水分,达到脱水的目的。     

石墨烯吸附材料的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的结构、优异的性能,在诸多领域有广泛的应用.石墨烯层的原子均为表面原子,其表面积非常大,是天然的吸附材料.其易于制备、成本低廉等优势使得石墨烯吸附材料成为水处理研究中的热点.石墨烯及其复合材料已经在重金属、染料、杀虫剂、抗生素、石油等污染物的治理方面得到应用.综述了石墨烯吸附材料的制备方法以及其在污水处理方面的应用.分析了污染物在石墨烯吸附材料上的吸附行为,并讨论了石墨烯与污染物的相互作用.着重关注官能团对石墨烯吸附材料性能的影响,从化学视角提出了设计高效石墨烯吸附剂的思路.     

Fe3O4/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯苯)微球对金属离子的吸附

通过悬浮聚合制备Fe3O4/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯苯)磁性微球,考察了微球对金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,磁性吸附剂粒径35～55μm,Fe3O4质量分数18%,能有效吸附金属离子。由Langmuir模型得到的饱和吸附容量为别为:Hg2 2.3mmol/g,Cu2 2.2mmol/g,Ni2 1.1mmol/g。由Lagergrent方程计算的吸附速率常数分别为:Hg2 0.023min-1,Cu2 0.034min-1,Ni2 0.036min-1。吸附剂可用1mol/LH2SO4再生。